Technical Insight November 2025

AI Leak Detection Explained: How Smart Meters Find Hidden Water Losses

How AI and smart-meter data are transforming leak detection and water efficiency in Oman

Al Saidya Trading Team
8 min read

In today's water management landscape, artificial intelligence represents a quantum leap from manual leak detection to real-time, automated prevention. Instead of waiting for leaks to surface or relying on periodic inspections, advanced AI technologies enable us to detect problems before they occur and intervene quickly to protect precious water resources.

Why AI is Essential in Water Management

  • Early Detection: Identify leaks before they become major issues affecting service
  • Resource Conservation: Reduce water waste and preserve scarce natural resources
  • Cost Reduction: Avoid emergency repair costs and collateral damage
  • Service Enhancement: Ensure continuous and reliable water supply for customers

1. Understanding Non-Revenue Water

Non-Revenue Water (NRW) represents one of the biggest challenges in global water management, encompassing all produced water that doesn't reach customers or isn't properly measured and billed.

Main Causes of Non-Revenue Water

Physical Leaks

Underground pipe and joint leaks that may remain invisible for extended periods

Meter Inaccuracies

Old or faulty meters that don't accurately record actual consumption

Unauthorized Use

Illegal connections and unaccounted consumption

Why Early Detection Matters

A small leak today can become a major burst tomorrow. Early detection saves millions of liters annually, reduces repair costs by up to 70%, and maintains water quality from external contamination.

2. Smart Meters & Data

NB-IoT enabled smart meters form the backbone of AI-powered leak detection systems, providing continuous and accurate data that enables advanced analysis.

NB-IoT Technology

  • Readings every 15 minutes, 24/7
  • Ultra-low power consumption (10+ year battery life)
  • Wide-range coverage in urban and rural environments

Advanced Data Collection

  • Instantaneous and cumulative flow rates
  • Real-time water pressure and temperature
  • Meter status and fault diagnostics

Complete Network Visibility

With data collection every 15 minutes from thousands of meters, AI systems gain a comprehensive and accurate picture of network behavior, enabling detection of the finest deviations and changes that may indicate potential problems.

3. Machine Learning in Action

Advanced machine learning algorithms analyze water consumption patterns to detect anomalies that may indicate leaks or network problems.

Machine Learning Workflow

1

Collect Data

From smart meters and sensors

2

Train Model

On normal consumption patterns

3

Flag Anomalies

Identify deviations from normal

4

Alert Teams

Send immediate alerts for intervention

Key Algorithms Used

Random Forest

Combines hundreds of decision trees to classify consumption patterns as normal or anomalous. Excellent for handling large and variable data while providing high prediction accuracy.

Use Case: Long-term trend analysis and slow leak detection

Isolation Forest

Specialized in detecting outliers by "isolating" unusual data points. Highly effective at detecting sudden leaks and unexpected events.

Use Case: Sudden leak detection and emergency alerts

Autoencoders

Neural networks that learn to compress and reconstruct normal data. Any data that cannot be accurately reconstructed is considered anomalous. Ideal for detecting complex and hidden patterns.

Use Case: Complex pattern detection and hidden leak identification

4. Research Insights

Latest scientific studies confirm the effectiveness of AI systems in leak detection, with promising results supporting widespread adoption of these technologies.

MDPI 2024

Leak Detection Accuracy Study

≈92%

Detection Accuracy Achieved

  • Tested on real water networks in diverse environments
  • Reduced false alarms by over 80%
  • Early detection up to 6 hours before visible leaks

ResearchGate 2023

Digital Twins Study

Digital Twins Aid Validation

Creating virtual models matching real networks to test and improve detection algorithms

  • Simulate leak scenarios without damaging real networks
  • Improved algorithm accuracy by additional 15%
  • Provide safe environment for training engineers and technicians

Scientific Conclusion

Recent studies prove that AI leak detection systems are not just theoretical concepts, but practical and effective solutions achieving outstanding results in real environments. With over 90% accuracy and early detection capabilities, these technologies represent the future of smart water management.

5. Video Block: Technology in Action

Watch: Underground Leak Detection

AI and NB-IoT sensor technologies

AI and NB-IoT sensors automatically detect and pinpoint underground leaks — illustrating Al Saidya's smart-network vision

Watch on YouTube

6. Nakhal Smart Network Example

Al Saidya's Privately Owned Nakhal Network

We are currently developing an advanced private water network in Nakhal that uses the latest smart meter and AI technologies to achieve the highest levels of efficiency and reliability in water management.

Early Detection

Smart systems detect leaks before they surface, saving thousands of liters and reducing repair costs

Improved Billing

Accurate billing based on actual consumption with real-time readings and complete transparency for customers

Boost Reliability

Ensuring continuous, high-quality water supply with constant monitoring of network pressure and water quality

Innovation in Action

The Nakhal network represents a model for the future in water management, combining advanced technologies with local expertise to deliver outstanding water service that meets community needs and preserves natural resources.

7. Vision 2040 Alignment

AI leak detection solutions align perfectly with Oman Vision 2040's ambitious goals for building a sustainable and innovative future for the Sultanate.

Sustainability

  • Preserve precious water resources
  • Reduce environmental footprint of water activities
  • Support sustainable green economy

Efficiency

  • Improve water network efficiency by 25%
  • Save operational and maintenance costs
  • Enhance service quality for citizens

Innovation

  • Lead digital transformation in water sector
  • Develop local technical expertise
  • Attract advanced technology investments

The Smart Water Future Starts Today

AI is reshaping Oman's water future. Through advanced technologies and innovative vision, we build smart water networks that serve future generations and preserve precious resources for our beloved nation.

View Our Projects
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